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Intermittent Fasting โ The Science Behind the Window
Intermittent fasting (IF) is not a diet โ it's a timing pattern that determines when you eat, not what. The most studied protocol is 16:8 (16 hours fasting, 8-hour eating window), popularised by Martin Berkhan's LeanGains protocol. The research base has expanded dramatically since 2016, driven partly by Yoshinori Ohsumi's Nobel Prize-winning work on autophagy.
What Happens During a Fast
- 0โ4 hours: Digestion and absorption. Insulin elevated.
- 4โ8 hours: Blood glucose normalises. Glucagon begins mobilising stored glycogen.
- 8โ12 hours: Liver glycogen depletes. Fat oxidation increases. Metabolic flexibility improves.
- 12โ16 hours: Peak fat burning. Growth hormone pulsing increases. Inflammation markers begin declining.
- 16โ18 hours: Autophagy significantly upregulated โ cellular cleanup mechanism removes damaged proteins and organelles.
- 18โ24+ hours: Ketone production increases. Deep autophagy. BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) rises.
Not at the durations used in standard IF protocols (16โ20 hours), provided protein intake during the eating window is adequate. Research consistently shows that IF with sufficient protein (1.6โ2.2g/kg lean body mass) preserves or even increases muscle mass while reducing fat. The slight increase in growth hormone during fasting is actually muscle-protective. Extended fasts (24+ hours) without protein management carry more risk for muscle catabolism.